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Miércoles, 09 de Junio de 2021 12:00 | 
Author: Guillermo Fárber | 
| Edición 417 |
|
Sarcasmos |
Historia prohibida
Guillermo Fárber
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EL ENRIQUE: “Te diré algo prohibido por los historiadores oficiales mexicanos. Esto se lo contó Juan Antonio de la Fuente a mi bisabuelo. Juan Antonio de la Fuente ocupó varias carteras en el gabinete de Juárez. Fue ministro de Hacienda, de Educación y de Relaciones Exteriores. Además, fue embajador de México en Francia en 1861, previo a la invasión de Napoleón III.
“Estando como embajador en París y cuando la prensa francesa ya hablaba de la invasión, solicitó una audiencia con el emperador, pero se la estuvieron negando durante varias semanas. Finalmente le avisaron que el emperador lo recibiría, pero no en el salón oficial de audiencias, sino que solamente en un pasillo mientras el emperador se trasladaba de un salón a otro del palacio. Tras estar esperando acompañado de los edecanes del palacio, al ir pasando la comitiva del emperador, Juan Antonio de la Fuente fue llevado frente a Napoleón III. Apenas empezaba a pronunciar las primeras palabras cuando el emperador lo interrumpe y le dice categóricamente: ‘a posición oficial de Francia la conocerán a través del Marqués de Saligny. Esta audiencia ha terminado’. Y el emperador siguió su camino. La audiencia duró quizás menos de un minuto.
“Fracasada su misión en París para detener la invasión, Juan Antonio de la Fuente viaja a Madrid y a Londres donde habla con las autoridades de Relaciones Exteriores y de Hacienda para tratar de resolver el problema de la deuda impaga de México, lo cual le facilita formular una estrategia para contener la invasión de tres potencias coloniales europeas.
“A su regreso, Juan Antonio de la Fuente viaja a Nueva York y se traslada a Washington donde habla en el Depto. de Estado, del Tesoro y con Lincoln que estaba en plena Guerra Civil. Le advierte que está por iniciarse una invasión combinada de los tres ejércitos de Francia, Inglaterra y España y que en todo el Continente Americano no habrá ejército alguno capaz de oponerse y detener dicha invasión.
“Siguiendo la estrategia formulada tras sus conversaciones con los gobiernos de España e Inglaterra, Juan Antonio de la Fuente convence a Lincoln de que, al no poder pagar México esa deuda en el momento, la única manera probable de detener la invasión es que Lincoln extienda el aval de EUA por la deuda mexicana a Francia, Inglaterra y España.
Las dos cartas de Lincoln
“LAS TROPAS de los tres ejércitos europeos desembarcan en Veracruz entre finales de diciembre de 1861 y principios de enero de 1862. Juan Antonio de la Fuente inicia las negociaciones con los comandantes de los tres ejércitos, no recuerdo si en Córdoba o en Orizaba. Semanas después llega a Veracruz un barco enviado por Lincoln donde viene su representante plenipotenciario con los avales de la deuda mexicana en favor de Inglaterra y España. No recuerdo si mi abuelo me mencionó la deuda a Francia, pues estaba constituida por la famosa deuda de Miramón al banquero suizo Jecker, donde México firmó por $2 millones de pesos en oro, pero Jecker solo entregó $600,000 pesos a Miramón. Por lo anterior, podemos suponer que Lincoln no avaló la fraudulenta deuda de Jecker, quien ya le había vendido el pagaré a Napoleón III para que cobrara lo que pudiera y como pudiera.
“El aval de Lincoln fue suficiente para que las tropas de España e Inglaterra se regresaran a sus respectivos países, no así los franceses. Las negociaciones entre Juan Antonio de la Fuente y el general Lorencez se prolongan y se rompen a mediados de abril de 1862. Durante la última reunión, al establecerse que no habría arreglo y las tropas francesas avanzarían sobre la capital, Juan Antonio de la Fuente le lanza a Lorencez una frase que ha sobrevivido el paso de los años: ‘No luchéis contra mi patria, mi patria es invencible’. Pocas semanas después los franceses fueron derrotados en Puebla, pero tristemente un año más tarde, tras la llegada de grandes refuerzos y cambios de mandos, tomaron Puebla y México.
“Desconozco por qué Juan Antonio de la Fuente no figura en la historia fuera de Coahuila. Quizás dentro de los liberales pertenecía a un grupo perdedor. Quizás porque le tocó fallecer en Coahuila por causas naturales justo una semana antes de que fusilaran a Maximiliano y no pudo disfrutar el triunfo de los liberales y de la república. No lo sé. Sin embargo, las versiones de que las tropas francesas e inglesas se retiraron de México por la fiebre amarilla o porque ‘descubrieron’ que Napoleón III tenía otras intenciones, son versiones inexactas que no corresponden a los hechos narrados por el principal protagonista de ese pasaje de la historia, Juan Antonio de la Fuente, embajador de México en Francia en el momento de la invasión.
“Otro hecho que está prohibido mencionar en la historia oficial mexicana y que Juan Antonio de la Fuente le contó personalmente a mi bisabuelo, es que Lincoln jugó dos cartas. Tras de que extendió su aval a España e Inglaterra y se quedó solamente el ejército francés, el enviado de EUA descargó del barco muchas carretas y tiros de mulas que le regaló a Lorencez de parte de Lincoln, como gesto de buena voluntad. Dichas carretas y mulas fueron utilizadas por Lorencez para transportar diversos equipos y armas en su marcha hacia Puebla”.
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