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Miércoles, 30 de Septiembre de 2015 10:22 | 
Author: Héctor Chavarría | 
| Edición 337 |
La pregunta es: ¿se trata de un hecho comprobado histórica y científicamente?
A la gente le encanta hacer generalizaciones: es una forma muy burda para ‘saber’ la personalidad de un grupo de personas, generalmente dirigentes en algo, sin tener que tomarse la molestia de conocerlos en persona, esta conducta tiene mucho que ver con la discriminación y el racismo.
Por eso hubo tanta gente que consideraba a los ‘negros’ intelectualmente inferiores. O de manera similar inferiores a las mujeres (véase a los islamistas), a los judíos perversos dominadores y a los latinos lascivos, etc. Incluso se usan personajes famosos para reafirmar posturas ideológicas. Algo similar ocurre con las personas de corta estatura, aunque en este caso la falacia se sustenta, además, en varios equívocos, tanto ‘científicos’ como históricos.
El llamado “complejo de Napoleón” describe a personas de corta estatura que compensan dicha falta mostrándose agresivos, escandalosos, egomaníaticos, etc. Todos tenemos imágenes arquetípicas en la cabeza que confirman esta idea errónea…
Sin embargo, no hay pruebas científicas sólidas que sostengan dicha teoría. No se ha reconocido oficialmente como trastorno psiquiátrico, y no parece ocurrir en el reino animal, salvo entre los machos de los peces espada, que el más pequeño iniciaba las peleas el 78 % de las veces.
Por si esto fuera poco, Napoleón, icono del bajito furioso, ni siquiera era de corta estatura. Esta imagen fue creada, en parte, por el caricaturista británico James Gillray (1757-1815), quien se inspiró en Los viajes de Gulliver: En la imagen, el rey Jorge III sostiene a Napoleón en la palma de su mano, mientras le inspecciona con una lupa.
En 1821 se llevó a cabo una autopsia de Napoleón Bonaparte y se determinó que su estatura era de 1,69 metros. La estatura media de los varones franceses entre 1800 y 1820 era de 1,64 metros. Y la del inglés medio, 1,68. De modo que Napoleón era más alto que la media. El gran enemigo de Napoleón, Horatio Nelson, por ejemplo, solo medía 1,62 metros.
Lo que sí ocurrió es que Napoleón, tras subir al poder en 1799, impuso requerimientos de estatura al ejército francés. La Guardia Imperial, un mínimo de 1,78 metros. Y los Cazadores Montados, 1,70, añádase el enorme tocado que portaban los soldados y esos largos fusiles con bayoneta…
Por lo tanto, la mayoría de ocasiones, los soldados que rodeaban a Napoleón eran significativamente más altos que él, por lo que podría dar la impresión de que él era chaparro.
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